![]() Natural selection on these parity mode genes was evident genome-wide. Angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth, and adrenoreceptor pathways were enriched in the viviparous female reproductive tissue, while pathways for transforming growth factor were enriched in the oviparous. Viviparity involved more genes and complex gene networks than did oviparity. In these lizards, parity trait genes were associated with progesterone-binding functions and enriched for tissue remodelling and immune system pathways. Here we leveraged natural hybridisations between oviparous and viviparous common lizards ( Zootoca vivipara) to describe the functional genes and genetic architecture of parity mode and its key traits, eggshell and gestation length, and compared our findings across vertebrates. However, the genetic basis of these parity modes has never been resolved and consequently its convergence across evolutionary scales is currently unknown. ElmerĪll amniotes reproduce either by egg-laying (oviparity), which is ancestral to vertebrates, or by live-bearing (viviparity), which has evolved many times independently. The functional genetic architecture of egg-laying and live-bearing reproduction in common lizards Our paper on the genetic basis of parity mode is now published.
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